Adjusted association of symptoms and clinical findings with job task
| Symptoms and Findings | Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) | ||||||
| Nonfield Workers | Field Workers | ||||||
| Factory Workers | Drivers | Cane Cutters | Irrigators | Agrichemical Applicators | Seed Cutters | Seeders/Reseeders | |
| Symptoms, prior 3 moa | |||||||
| Abdominal, black, flank pain | Reference | 1.22 (0.49 to 3.02) | 2.28 (0.89 to 5.82) | 0.69 (0.28 to 1.73) | 0.60 (0.20 to 1.82) | 0.18 (0.01 to 3.94) | 0.84 (0.21 to 3.36) |
| Burning or pain during urination | Reference | 0.67 (0.16 to 2.81) | 2.68 (0.79 to 9.07) | 0.60 (0.16 to 2.27) | 0.27 (0.03 to 2.28) | 2.46 (0.37 to 16.3) | 0.55 (0.06 to 5.08) |
| Periods of frequent urination | Reference | 1.23 (0.33 to 4.62) | 2.62 (0.72 to 9.61) | 0.72 (0.17 to 3.00) | 0.17 (0.01 to 3.12) | 0.57 (0.02 to 13.8) | 1.07 (0.15 to 7.67) |
| Any fever or chills | Reference | 0.75 (0.19 to 2.99) | 4.69 (1.42 to 15.5)b | 0.44 (0.10 to 2.05) | 0.14 (0.01 to 2.60) | 1.73 (0.21 to 14.4) | 1.68 (0.32 to 8.78) |
| Chistatac | Reference | 1.13 (0.45 to 2.84) | 3.24 (1.29 to 8.17)b | 0.79 (0.33 to 1.91) | 0.80 (0.29 to 2.27) | 4.67 (0.98 to 22.3) | 0.88 (0.24 to 3.28) |
| Health-related behaviors and diagnoses, prior 3 moa | |||||||
| Taken antibiotics | Reference | 0.68 (0.21 to 2.18) | 0.54 (0.14 to 2.02) | 0.46 (0.14 to 1.48) | 0.32 (0.07 to 1.58) | 1.49 (0.25 to 9.10) | 0.72 (0.14 to 3.83) |
| Taken pain medications >3 d | Reference | 2.93 (0.96 to 8.96) | 1.96 (0.54 to 7.16) | 0.87 (0.23 to 3.38) | 0.32 (0.04 to 2.81) | 1.43 (0.14 to 14.7) | 3.63 (0.83 to 15.9) |
| Sought medical treatment | Reference | 0.58 (0.18 to 1.90) | 1.56 (0.50 to 4.87) | 0.37 (0.09 to 1.48) | 0.81 (0.23 to 2.89) | 2.01 (0.33 to 12.4) | 2.93 (0.77 to 11.1) |
| Diagnosed with a UTI | Reference | 0.40 (0.06 to 2.95) | 0.41 (0.05 to 3.39) | 0.57 (0.08 to 4.03) | 0.81 (0.11 to 5.75) | 0.87 (0.03 to 23.4) | 1.41 (0.17 to 11.9) |
| Dipstick parameters, preharvest | |||||||
| Leukocyte esterase | Reference | 0.70 (0.10 to 4.82) | 2.85 (0.56 to 14.7) | 0.53 (0.07 to 3.80) | 0.88 (0.12 to 6.33) | 1.24 (0.04 to 34.7) | 0.63 (0.03 to 14.0) |
| Proteinuria | Reference | 0.43 (0.02 to 9.68) | 4.32 (0.48 to 39.1) | 2.69 (0.34 to 21.4) | 0.70 (0.03 to 17.0) | 3.41 (0.09 to 126) | 1.71 (0.06 to 46.2) |
| Dipstick parameters, late harvest | |||||||
| Leukocyte esterase | Reference | 1.45 (0.15 to 14.0) | 15.4 (2.55 to 92.4)b | 3.25 (0.50 to 21.3) | 1.83 (0.19 to 18.1) | 9.59 (0.97 to 95.1) | 9.86 (1.28 to 76.0)b |
| Proteinuria | Reference | 1.00 (0.12 to 8.28) | 2.38 (0.23 to 24.4) | 2.82 (0.48 to 16.8) | 0.53 (0.02 to 11.8) | 4.73 (0.14 to 164) | 5.78 (0.56 to 59.6) |
| Blood | Reference | 0.44 (0.08 to 2.49) | 0.75 (0.14 to 3.91) | 1.49 (0.38 to 5.76) | 0.81 (0.15 to 4.50) | 1.80 (0.16 to 19.9) | 3.16 (0.60 to 16.6) |
Odds ratios (95% CI) for self-reported symptoms and dipstick parameters (preharvest and late harvest) compared with reference group (factory workers), adjusting for age and employment duration (n=244 for symptoms and behaviors/treatments, n=247 for dipstick except blood, n=246 for blood at late harvest, n=243 for UTI diagnoses). UTI, urinary tract infection.
↵a Workers reported symptoms, health-related behaviors, and recent UTI diagnoses during late-harvest data collection.
↵b P<0.05.
↵c Chistata is a colloquial term that describes a set of symptoms including painful urination, burning during urination, and back pain.